APA requires that the entire paper be double-spaced, including all the lines in the reference list.

This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. It provides citation that is selected for common forms of sources. For more detailed information please consult a print copy associated with style manual.

When it comes to best printing results for this guide, make use of the printer-friendly PDF format.

Review the Sample paper from the APA, with examples of many APA rules.

Keep track of your document references/citations and format your reference lists easily with citation management software.

Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page, in Arabic numerals (e.g., 4, not IV) when you look at the upper right-hand corner (Rule 8.03, p. 230).

You will need to cite and document any sources if you presented the ideas from these sources in your own words that you have consulted, even. You ought to cite:

• to recognize other individuals’s ideas and information used inside your essay.
• to tell the reader of one’s paper where they need to look when they desire to find the same sources.

A citation must can be found in two places in your essay:

• in the torso of your text (“in-text citations”).
• in the reference list (at the end of one’s paper).

To introduce other people’s ideas in text, utilize the following examples:

Richardson argues, relates to, explains, hypothesizes, compares, concludes; As Littlewood and Sherwin demonstrated, proved, . etc.

Spelling: Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary print or online could be the spelling that is standard for APA journals and books (Rule 4.12, p. 96).

Reference in text

Capitalize all major words in titles of books and articles within the body for the paper (Rule 4.15, p.101). E.g.

In his book Greek Political Thought (2006), Balot argues that. The criticism regarding the article, “The Politics of Paraliterary Criticism”.

NOTE: In reference lists, however, capitalize only the first word regarding the title as well as the subtitle (after a colon or em dash) and proper nouns.

When quoting from print sources or online articles, provide the author, year, and page number in parentheses (Rule 6.03, pp.170-171). For example:

Mooney (2000) found that . “direct_quotation” (p. 276). “Direct_quotation”. (Walker, 2000, p. 135).

An inch, and omit the quotation marks (Rule 6.03, p. 171) if the quotation is over 40 words, you must start the quotation on a new line, indent the quotation about Ѕ.

Prince Edward Island is a slice that is curved of from three to thirty-five miles wide and about a hundred and twenty miles long, lying across the southern rim of this Gulf of St. Lawrence and separated through the mainland of the latest Brunswick and Nova Scotia because of the narrow waters of Northumberland Strait.(Ives, 1999, p. 1)

When paraphrasing from a source, or when talking about an idea found in another work, you are encouraged to deliver a web page number (Rule 6.04 p. 171).

When citing the author that is same times in a paragraph, see Citing Paraphrased work with APA Style through the APA Style Blog.

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers. In this full case, use paragraph numbers preceded by the abbreviation ‘para.’ (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172). For example:

(Johnson, 2003, para. 5).

The heading if it is long) (Rule 6.05 pp if a source contains neither page nor paragraph numbers, cite the heading ( shorten. 171-172).

If there is no date of publication, make use of the abbreviation (n.d.).

List two or more works by different authors that are cited in the parentheses that are same alphabetical order because of the first authors’ surnames and put semicolons between them (Rule 6.16 p. 177).

Reference list

In APA, the menu of sources during the final end of the paper (bibliography) is called the reference list. All references must be included by essay writing the reference list cited in the text of your paper.

The term References should appear towards the top of your reference list, also it must certanly be centred from the page (Rule 2.11, p. 37).

Order of references into the reference list is alphabetical, because of the last name of this first author (Rule 6.25, p. 181) or, if author is certainly not available – by title.

Alphabetize letter by letter. “Nothing precedes something”. ‘Brown, J. R.’ comes before ‘Browning, A. F.’.

When it comes to author’s first name use only initials: ‘Smith, J.’, not ‘Smith, Jennifer’.

For many works by the same author cite them in your reference list by year of publication with all the earliest first – Smith, A. (1999) . Smith, A. (2002)

Second and subsequent lines of each entry are indented 1/2 inch or 5 spaces. The chosen format ought to be consistent for the references.

Double-space between all lines of your work, including references.

When citing books (not periodicals), capitalize just the first word associated with title as well as the subtitle (in other words. the word that is first a colon or a dash) and proper nouns (Rule 6.29, p. 185).

If more than one city of publication is listed in the book you might be citing, use the first one listed.

When there is no date of publication, utilize the abbreviation (n.d.).